ISO 27001 Key Terms – Essential Information Security Terminology Explained

ISO 27001 key terms are essential for understanding the framework and requirements of the Information Security Management System (ISMS). Whether your organization is preparing for ISO/IEC 27001 certification or strengthening its information security program, learning these definitions will help you apply the standard effectively and maintain compliance with global best practices.

Understanding ISO 27001 Key Terms

Below are some of the most important ISO 27001 key terms you’ll encounter throughout the certification process:

Asset – Something that has value to the organization. An asset extends beyond physical goods or hardware and includes software, information, people, services, and reputation.

Attack – An attempt to compromise an asset by destroying, exposing, altering, or gaining unauthorized access to it.

Authentication – A process that verifies the identity of a user, system, or entity, ensuring it truly possesses the characteristics or credentials it claims.

Business Continuity – The strategies, procedures, and processes used to ensure that business operations continue during and after disruptive incidents.

Control – Policies, procedures, or technical mechanisms implemented to manage risk and protect assets from threats or vulnerabilities.

Corrective Action – A proactive step taken to eliminate the cause of a detected nonconformity or security issue to prevent its recurrence.

Information Asset – Data, documents, or any form of knowledge that has value to an organization and must be protected according to its sensitivity and importance.

Information Security Event – Any observable occurrence in a system, service, or network that indicates a potential breach or failure of information security controls.

Information Security Incident – An information security event that disrupts operations or threatens the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of business information.

Information Security Management System (ISMS) – The structured framework within an organization for implementing, monitoring, and continually improving information security practices in alignment with ISO 27001 requirements.

Non-repudiation – The assurance that an event, transaction, or action cannot later be denied, ensuring accountability in security-related activities.

Statement of Applicability (SoA) – A formal document that lists all controls chosen by an organization, explains their purpose, and outlines the reasons for inclusion or exclusion from the ISMS.

Threat – A potential cause of an unwanted incident that could harm an organization by exploiting a vulnerability.

Vulnerability – A weakness in a system, process, control, or asset that could be exploited by a threat.

Why These ISO 27001 Key Terms Matter

Understanding these key terms will help your team communicate more effectively during implementation and audits. They form the foundation of risk assessment, control selection, and ongoing improvement within your information security management system.

Learn More About ISO 27001 Certification

For a deeper understanding of the certification process and its requirements, explore our ISO 27001 Certification Services page.
You can also review the official ISO.org 27001 Standard for comprehensive details on information security best practices.